Breeding table grapes for resistance to fungal diseases is very important for several reasons.
Reduced use of fungicides
Disease-resistant grape varieties require fewer chemical fungicides to protect against fungal diseases. This not only reduces the negative environmental impact of grape growing, but also reduces production costs and minimizes fungicide residues in grapes, making them healthier for consumers.
Sustainable Agriculture
Grape varieties resistant to fungal diseases are in line with the principles of sustainable agriculture. They support the use of integrated pest management (IPM) strategies that rely on natural predators, beneficial microorganisms, and cultural practices rather than synthetic chemicals, leading to more environmentally friendly vineyard management.
Increased Yield Stability
Disease-resistant grapevines are less susceptible to diseases such as powdery mildew, downy mildew and Botrytis bunch rot. This means that winegrowers can expect more regular yields from their vineyards, even in regions with unstable climates, reducing the economic risks associated with crop losses.
Improved Grape Quality
Disease-resistant grape varieties can produce higher-quality grapes because they are less stressed by disease pressure. This can lead to better flavors, aroma profiles, and overall grape quality, which is essential for table grapes and wine production.
Decreased Labor and Costs
Cultivating vines resistant to fungal diseases requires less work and fewer sprays, reducing labor costs and the use of expensive chemicals, making grape growing more economically viable for winegrowers.
Long-Term Sustainability
Since fungal pathogens can develop resistance to chemical treatments, breeding for disease resistance offers a more sustainable long-term solution. However, disease-resistant grape varieties lose their ability to resist disease attack over time. Therefore, it is necessary to maintain breeding activities and constantly strive to maintain and improve the level of resistance to fungal diseases.
Biodiversity and Ecosystem Health
Reducing the use of chemical fungicides in grape growing benefits the environment by protecting beneficial insects, soil microorganisms, and overall ecosystem health. This can contribute to maintaining a healthier and more balanced viticultural ecosystem.
Adaptation to Changing Climate
Climate change may lead to geographical shifts in disease pressure and the emergence of new grape diseases in different regions. Disease-resistant grape varieties can help growers adapt to these changing conditions and maintain stable grape production.
Breeding table grapes for resistance to fungal diseases is essential for sustainable and economically viable grape production. Disease-resistant varieties reduce dependence on chemical pesticides, improve grape quality, improve environmental sustainability, and provide long-term solutions to the challenges of managing fungal diseases of grapes. This research and breeding effort is crucial for the future of the viticulture and wine industry and the overall health of grapevine ecosystems.
